Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom, 1910: 151).

Original reference: Trybom F (1910) Physapoda. pp. 147–174 in Schultze Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungreise im westlichen und zentralen Südafrica (1903–1905) Jena: Denkschriften der Medizinisch-naturwissenschaflichen Gesellschaft zu Jena Vol 16.

Family

Thripidae, Thripinae

Nomenclatural information

http://thrips.info/wiki/Frankliniella_schultzei

Diagnosis

Body variable in colour; brown forms have only pronotum and legs extensively yellow, as well antennae brown with segments III–V yellow at base; yellow forms usually have faint brown markings on abdominal tergites and only the antennal segments VI–VIII brown; fore wings pale. Head with three pairs of ocellar setae, pair III long, arising close together between posterior ocelli. Antennae 8-segmented, III & IV with forked sense cones; III with pedicel without modified margins. Pronotum not sculptured, with two pairs of long posteroangular setae; anteroangular and anteromarginal setae long, but less than 0.5 pronotum length. Mesothoracic spinula long, metathoracic spinula absent. Metanotum with transverse lines of reticulation anteriorly, reticulate posteromedially; campaniform sensilla absent; two pairs of setae arising at anterior margin. Tarsi 2-segmented. Fore wing with first and second rows of setae complete and closely spaced. Abdominal tergites V–VIII with ctenidia laterally, ctenidia on VIII anterolateral to spiracle; VIII with posteromarginal comb of microtrichia almost absent, bearing only a few lateral teeth. Sternites without discal setae, with three pairs of long posteromarginal setae. Both sexes fully winged.

Male paler, with transverse pore plate on abdominal sternites III–VII.

Intraspecific variation

Body colour and setal length highly variable. A morph with body extensively yellow has been studied from several plants in Northeastern Brazil.

Genus and similar species information

Frankliniella is one of the largest genera amongst Thysanoptera, comprising more than 160 described species. About 90% of the species are from the Neotropics and their taxonomy is usually complex. Almost all members have 8-segmented antennae, three pairs of ocellar setae and fore wing with both rows of setae complete. About 40 species are recorded from Brazil, and almost half of these were described from this country. Although highly variable, Frankliniella schultzei can be distinguished easily by the position of ocellar setae III, the lack of metanotal sensilla and by the undeveloped posteromarginal comb on tergite VIII. A key to Frankliniella species recorded from Brazil is provided by Cavalleri & Mound (2012).

World distribution

Widespread in all continents.

Distribution in Brazil

http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/71141 

Life history

Breeding in flowers, but also feeds on leaves and pollen. Highly polyphagous; collected in Brazil on native plants and also in several crops, including tomatoes, onions and grapes. The life cycle duration takes about 12 days, and adult longevity lasts approximately 13 days under laboratory conditions (Pinent & Carvalho 1998).

Economic importance

Extensive damage to several crops worldwide, through feeding damage and vectoring tospoviruses (Hoddle et al. 2006). [MFL1] 

References suggested

Cavalleri A & Mound LA (2012) Toward the identification of Frankliniella species in Brazil (Thysanoptera, Thripidae). Zootaxa 3270: 1–30.

Hoddle MS, Mound LA & Paris DL (2012) Thrips of California. CBIT Publishing, Queensland. Available at http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/thrips_of_california/ Thrips_of_California.html

Mound LA & Marullo R (1996) The Thrips of Central and South America: An Introduction. Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1–488.

Pinent SMJ & Carvalho GS (1998) Biologia de Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) em tomateiro. Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 27(4): 519–524.